Just hours after his second indictment in just over two months, former President Donald Trump will deliver an 8:15 p.m. ET address Tuesday at Trump National Golf Club Bedminster in Bedminster, New Jersey.
Trump is reportedly planning to arrive Monday in Miami before the Tuesday court appearance before flying back to his New Jersey summer home.
Trump faces 37 criminal counts, 31 of which relate to secret or top secret classified documents. He is also charged with obstructing justice, conspiracy, concealment, and false statements.
The Espionage Act is an anti-spy law enacted by Congress shortly after the start of World War I.
The statute criminalizes a broad array of conduct related to the mishandling of sensitive government records connected to the "national defense," a term generally referring to military records that if disclosed could damage U.S. national security.
Over the years, the law has been used as a legal tool by the Justice Department to prosecute people ranging from suspected Soviet spies to famous whistleblowers like Daniel Ellsberg, who leaked the Pentagon Papers, and Edward Snowden, a former intelligence consultant who leaked classified National Security Agency records to reveal the existence of a domestic surveillance program.
During the Obama and Trump administrations, some of the Justice Department's most high-profile Espionage Act prosecutions targeted government employees who leaked classified information to the press or to the website WikiLeaks, such as former Army Private First Class intelligence analyst Chelsea Manning and former intelligence contractor Reality Winner.
Manning was sentenced to 35 years in prison, though President Barack Obama later commuted her sentence, while Winner was sentenced to more than five years after she admitted to leaking a top secret report on Russian interference in U.S. elections to the media outlet The Intercept.
WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange has also been charged under the Espionage Act, and is fighting extradition to the United States.
Special counsel Jack Smith's indictment does not allege Trump leaked the top secret information, although it did allude to an instance where he might have boasted about possessing classified or secret materials.
Smith's office filed charges against Trump after the FBI searched the Florida resort where he lives in August 2022 and located about 13,000 government records, about 100 of which were marked as secret or top secret — the highest classification level, reserved for the government's most closely-held secrets. Altogether, prosecutors say he improperly retained 337 classified records.
Trump has denied breaking the law, arguing he declassified the records in question and his broad presidential powers gave him the authority to disclose or declassify materials.
The Espionage Act itself does not explicitly require prosecutors to prove the records themselves were classified.
Prosecutors have charged Trump with violating a section in the Espionage Act which applies to someone who has "unauthorized possession" of national defense information -- the same crime to which Winner pleaded guilty.
This section of the law makes it a crime to willfully retain the information and fail to deliver it back to the proper U.S. government official.
To obtain a conviction against Trump, the government will need to prove beyond a reasonable doubt he willfully retained the material and failed to turn it over to the government.
Prosecutors do not need to show Trump knew it was national defense information, but rather that a reasonable person should have known it was.
Part of the government's evidence will likely entail laying out all the steps it took to get the records returned.
This includes a year-long effort by the U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, which repeatedly reached out to Trump through his attorneys to request he return missing records.
While Trump finally agreed to send the Archives 15 boxes of material a year after leaving the White House, some of those records were marked as classified, and the boxes did not include all of the records in his possession.
Even after the Justice Department tried to retrieve the remaining records with a subpoena, Trump only handed over an additional 38 pages marked as classified.
It took a court-approved search warrant before the FBI was able to retrieve the bulk of the records that remained.
Information from Reuters was used for background and legal analysis of the indictment.