Prime Minister Viktor Orbán invited Israel's Benjamin Netanyahu on Friday to visit Hungary, but several other European nations said the Israeli premier would be detained if he set foot on their soil, following the issuing of an arrest warrant for him.
The International Criminal Court (ICC) issued arrest warrants on Thursday for Netanyahu, his former defense chief Yoav Gallant, and for a Hamas leader, Ibrahim Al-Masri, for alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity in the Gaza conflict.
The diverging reactions around Europe highlight the major diplomatic and political challenge posed by the ICC decision, which drew swift condemnation from Israeli leaders and the White House.
"For us Europeans, this warrant exposes a real dilemma between international law, which is our law, and our foreign policy, especially for those member states that are unconditionally backing Israel," Eurointelligence analysts wrote in a note.
Assuring Netanyahu that he would face no risks if he visited Hungary, Orbán branded the arrest warrants a "brazen, cynical, and completely unacceptable decision." Orbán, who is often at odds with his EU peers, has forged warm ties with Netanyahu.
"Today I will invite Israel's prime minister, Mr. Netanyahu, for a visit to Hungary, and in that invite, I will guarantee him that if he comes, the ICC ruling will have no effect in Hungary, and we will not follow its contents," Orbán said.
All EU countries are members of the ICC and, as such, have an obligation to carry out its warrants. However EU heavyweights Germany and France declined to say what they would do if the Israeli leader entered their territory, while non-EU Britain — also an ICC member — was similarly circumspect in its response.
The ICC, which does not have its own police force to carry out arrests, has only limited diplomatic means to force countries to act if they do not want to.
The Netherlands, Finland, Ireland, Italy, and Spain are among EU states that have said they would meet their ICC commitments. Cyprus, which has close ties to Israel, regards the warrants as binding in principle, a government source told Reuters.
Berlin said it would not spell out what it would do until and unless Netanyahu planned to travel to Germany.
Germany "is one of the biggest supporters of the ICC — this attitude is also the result of German history," a government spokesperson said.
"At the same time, it is a consequence of German history that we share unique relations and a great responsibility with Israel," the spokesperson added, alluding to the Nazi era.
France was also noncommittal, toning down its initial reaction, which had been to say that its response would align with ICC statutes. Paris said on Friday it took note of the ICC decision but that it was not a ruling but a "formalization of an accusation."
France has been working on Lebanon cease-fire efforts, and officials said cornering Netanyahu now could scupper those efforts.
In the Netherlands, far-right leader Geert Wilders said he would meet his "friend" Netanyahu in Israel soon, even though the Dutch government has said it will act on the ICC's arrest warrant if the Israeli leader were to visit the country.
Wilders is the leader of the largest Dutch government party but is not himself a Cabinet member.
The Czech Republic, which like neighboring Hungary has traditionally sided with Israel, appeared similarly conflicted.
The Czech foreign ministry said Prague would respect its international legal obligations, while Prime Minister Petr Fiala described the ICC decision as "unfortunate" and said it would undermine the court's authority.
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