Cold snaps and heat waves have contributed to tens of thousands of deaths in the United States over the past quarter-century, a new study says.

More than 69,000 U.S. deaths occurred between 1999 and 2024 where extreme cold or heat were listed as an underlying or contributing cause, researchers reported Nov. 17 in the Annals of Internal Medicine.

That’s out of a total 69 million deaths — meaning that 1 in every 1,000 deaths were related to extreme cold or heat, researchers said.

“Our findings show that both heat and cold exposure continue to claim thousands of lives every year in the United States, deaths that are largely preventable,” senior researcher Dr. Shady Abohashem, an investigator at the Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center of Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston, said in a news release.

Of those deaths, 65% were cold-related and 35% heat-related, researchers found.

“While most temperature-related deaths are still driven by cold exposure, heat-related deaths are expected to rise as climate change accelerates,” Abohashem said.

Seniors 65 and older were four times more likely to die due to extreme temperatures than younger adults, researchers found.

Results also showed that Black people were twice as likely to die from extreme heat as white people, and were also more likely to die from extreme cold.

Men were 2.6 times more likely than women to die from extreme temperatures.

“Climate change increases risks of severe weather events, and our findings underscore the need for targeted adaptation strategies, like improving housing quality, access to cooling and heating, and early-warning systems, to protect vulnerable groups as climate extremes intensify,” Abohashem said.

“The results help us understand which populations may be disproportionately affected so public health strategies can shift accordingly,” Abohashem added.