Aside from its role in regulating the thyroid, not having enough iodine can lead to various serious health issues, including cancer and hormonal imbalances. An iodine deficiency occurs when the thyroid gland does not get enough of the mineral iodine, found in salt, seafoods, fortified dairy products and as supplements. 

The thyroid gland is a small yet powerful organ that controls many body functions. It relies on iodine to make thyroid hormones. When iodine levels drop, the thyroid struggles to produce enough hormones, leading to more health problems.

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Iodine deficiency increases the risk for cancer. Without sufficient iodine, the thyroid can develop nodules and goiters, which can lead to thyroid cancer. Studies also suggest that low iodine may raise the risk of other cancers like breast and stomach cancer.

Beyond cancer concerns, low iodine levels can harm heart health, leading to heart disease and high blood pressure. Thyroid hormones help control cholesterol and keep blood vessels healthy. Without enough of these hormones, cholesterol levels can get out of whack, leading to artery blockages and a higher risk of heart problems.

However, iodine's impact isn't limited to the thyroid and heart; it affects hormone balance all over the body. Low iodine levels may lead to an imbalance between the thyroid, adrenal, and reproductive glands. Women might experience irregular periods, trouble getting pregnant, or menopause symptoms. Men could have lower sex drive, erection issues, or fertility problems.

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Low iodine also hurts metabolism, leading to weight gain and metabolic syndrome. Thyroid hormones control how the body uses energy and stores fat. Without enough iodine, metabolism slows down, which can lead to obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes.

The far-reaching effects of low iodine extend throughout the entire body, resulting in issues such as impaired brain function, stunted development in children, compromised immune systems, and heightened susceptibility to infections.