Some residents of Tehran on Sunday chanted slogans from balconies and windows against the clerical leadership, reports said, a day after Iranians abroad staged giant opposition rallies in Europe and North America.

The Islamic Republic under Ali Khamenei was shaken by a protest movement that peaked in January and, according to rights groups, was repressed by security forces in a crackdown that left thousands dead.

While the street protests have petered out in the face of the crackdown, last week residents of Tehran and other cities began shouting slogans against the leadership from the relative safety of their own homes inside vast apartment blocks.

In a new night of chants, residents of the eastern Tehran district of Ekbatan on Sunday shouted "death to Khamenei," "death to the Islamic republic," and "long live the shah," according to the Shahrak Ekbatan social media account that monitors the area.

Reza Pahlavi, the son of the shah ousted by the Islamic revolution in 1979, had urged people inside the country to stage such actions in parallel with protests abroad over the weekend.

Police in the southern German city of Munich said 250,000 people attended a rally there Saturday, which in an unusual move was personally addressed by Pahlavi.

Other major pro-monarchy rallies were held in diaspora strongholds, including Los Angeles and Toronto.

Pahlavi's office said on X that over a million people attended such rallies worldwide, but it was not immediately possible to confirm the figure.

Speaking in Munich, Pahlavi hailed the rally as the biggest in years and said he was ready to lead a transition in Iran.

Monarchist supporters were also gladdened by a rare public appearance at the rally by his sole surviving full sibling, his sister the former princess Farahnaz.

Persian-language TV channel Iran International, which is based outside Iran, reported similar actions taking place in other parts of Tehran Sunday, broadcasting images of people chanting "this is the final battle, Pahlavi is coming back" and "death to the guards" in reference to the authorities' ideological army the Revolutionary Guards.

Slogans hostile to the authorities were also chanted in other cities, including Shiraz in the south and Arak in the center of the country, it added.

It was not immediately possible for AFP to verify the videos.

The new actions come two days ahead of talks on Tuesday between the U.S. and Iran focused on the Iranian nuclear program in Geneva. The talks are seen as crucial to determining if Washington goes ahead with military action against Tehran.

According to the latest toll issued by the U.S-.based Human Rights Activists News Agency, over 7,000 people have been killed during the protests, the vast majority shot dead by security forces. Almost 54,000 people have been arrested in a crackdown that is ongoing, it added.