An Israeli-backed Palestinian militia said Wednesday it had killed two Hamas ⁠terrorists in southern Gaza, marking a renewed challenge to Hamas after Israel empowered its rivals in areas under Israeli military control.

The armed group, known as the Popular Forces, said in a statement it had carried out a raid in Rafah, killing two Hamas members who refused to surrender and detaining a third. It shared a photo that it said depicted one of the slain men.

Hamas, which brands such groups as "collaborators," declined to comment on the claim, ⁠which Reuters couldn't independently authenticate. Rafah sits in territory under Israeli control under the terms of an October Israel-Hamas deal.

The Popular Forces, founded by an ​anti-Hamas armed Bedouin leader, Yasser Abu Shabab, is believed to be the largest group operating in Israel-controlled areas.

Abu Shabab was killed in December in what the group described as a family feud. He was replaced by his deputy Ghassan Duhine, who vowed no let up in ⁠the fight against Hamas. The Popular Forces and others have reported more recruits since the October deal took effect.

The emergence of the groups, though they remain small and localized, has added to pressures on Islamist Hamas and could complicate efforts to stabilize and unify ⁠a divided Gaza, shattered by two years ​of war. The groups ⁠remain unpopular among the local population, as they operate under Israeli control.

Nearly all of Gaza's two million people live in Hamas-held areas, where the group has been reestablishing its grip and where four Hamas sources said it continues to command thousands of men despite suffering heavy blows during the war.

But Israel still holds well over half of Gaza - areas where Hamas' foes operate beyond ⁠its reach. ​With President Donald Trump's plan for Gaza moving slowly, there is no immediate prospect of further Israeli withdrawals.

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu acknowledged Israeli backing for anti-Hamas groups in June, saying Israel had "activated" clans. Israel has given little detail since then.

The Popular Forces deny receiving support from Israel.